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# # Name: ANSI X3.4-1968 (US-ASCII) with 0x60/0x27 as # left/right single quotation mark to Unicode # Unicode version: 3.2 # Table version: 1.0 # Table format: Format A # Date: 2003 April 8 # Authors: Markus Kuhn <http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/> # # General notes: # # The coded character set commonly known as "American Standard # Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)" originated in the # early 1960s international standardization project that led to # ECMA-6 (1965) and ISO 646 (1972). When the American National # Standards Institute adopted this specification as national # standard X3.4 in 1968, it added a national provision for # overloading the code positions 0x60 and 0x27 with the # typographic characters left and right single quotation mark. # This usage was not reflected in the international standard and # other national adoptions of it, but become widely used in some # communities in the United States and is now found in numerous # historic and still even some contemporary English-language # 7-bit ASCII text files. The Unicode Standard followed # explicitly the international standard, in which 0x27 encodes # the directionally neutral (vertical) character that is used as # both an opening and closing quotation mark as well as an # apostrophe on traditional typewriters, and where 0x60 is a # spacing grave accent that matches the spacing acute accent # found in ISO 8859-1 on position 0xb4. # # To facilitate the correct display and conversion of such ASCII # documents with directional quotation marks to Unicode, this # encoding table defines a 7-bit coded character set mapping # that differs from ISO 646-IRV in that the characters 0x60 and # 0x27 are mapped to Unicode's typographic directional quotation # marks on U+2018 and U+2019, respectively. # # Notes: # # - This historic ASCII interpretation is also used in the left # half of the PostScript StandardEncoding and (erroneously) # ISOLatin1Encoding encoding vectors. # # - Unicode features a SINGLE HIGH-REVERSED-9 QUOTATION MARK # (U+201B), whose provided example glyph has a slightly # closer ressemblance to the compromise glyphs found in many # historic US-ASCII fonts that try to represent both a left # quotation mark and a grave accent. However, since U+201B # is not actually intended to encode correct English # typographic quotation conventions, this table maps 0x60 to # the the correct English opening quotation mark U+2018 # instead (as did PostScript). # # References: # # - Markus Kuhn: ASCII and Unicode quotation marks. # http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/quotes.html # # - Jukka Korpela: Character histories: notes on some Ascii # code positions. # http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/latin1/ascii-hist.html # # Format: Three tab-separated columns # Column #1 is the ANSI X3.4 code (in hex as 0xXX) # Column #2 is the Unicode (in hex as 0xXXXX) # Column #3 the Unicode name (follows a comment sign, '#') # # The entries are in ANSI X3.4 order. # 0x00 0x0000 # NULL 0x01 0x0001 # START OF HEADING 0x02 0x0002 # START OF TEXT 0x03 0x0003 # END OF TEXT 0x04 0x0004 # END OF TRANSMISSION 0x05 0x0005 # ENQUIRY 0x06 0x0006 # ACKNOWLEDGE 0x07 0x0007 # BELL 0x08 0x0008 # BACKSPACE 0x09 0x0009 # HORIZONTAL TABULATION 0x0A 0x000A # LINE FEED 0x0B 0x000B # VERTICAL TABULATION 0x0C 0x000C # FORM FEED 0x0D 0x000D # CARRIAGE RETURN 0x0E 0x000E # SHIFT OUT 0x0F 0x000F # SHIFT IN 0x10 0x0010 # DATA LINK ESCAPE 0x11 0x0011 # DEVICE CONTROL ONE 0x12 0x0012 # DEVICE CONTROL TWO 0x13 0x0013 # DEVICE CONTROL THREE 0x14 0x0014 # DEVICE CONTROL FOUR 0x15 0x0015 # NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE 0x16 0x0016 # SYNCHRONOUS IDLE 0x17 0x0017 # END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK 0x18 0x0018 # CANCEL 0x19 0x0019 # END OF MEDIUM 0x1A 0x001A # SUBSTITUTE 0x1B 0x001B # ESCAPE 0x1C 0x001C # FILE SEPARATOR 0x1D 0x001D # GROUP SEPARATOR 0x1E 0x001E # RECORD SEPARATOR 0x1F 0x001F # UNIT SEPARATOR 0x20 0x0020 # SPACE 0x21 0x0021 # EXCLAMATION MARK 0x22 0x0022 # QUOTATION MARK 0x23 0x0023 # NUMBER SIGN 0x24 0x0024 # DOLLAR SIGN 0x25 0x0025 # PERCENT SIGN 0x26 0x0026 # AMPERSAND 0x27 0x2019 # RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK 0x28 0x0028 # LEFT PARENTHESIS 0x29 0x0029 # RIGHT PARENTHESIS 0x2A 0x002A # ASTERISK 0x2B 0x002B # PLUS SIGN 0x2C 0x002C # COMMA 0x2D 0x002D # HYPHEN-MINUS 0x2E 0x002E # FULL STOP 0x2F 0x002F # SOLIDUS 0x30 0x0030 # DIGIT ZERO 0x31 0x0031 # DIGIT ONE 0x32 0x0032 # DIGIT TWO 0x33 0x0033 # DIGIT THREE 0x34 0x0034 # DIGIT FOUR 0x35 0x0035 # DIGIT FIVE 0x36 0x0036 # DIGIT SIX 0x37 0x0037 # DIGIT SEVEN 0x38 0x0038 # DIGIT EIGHT 0x39 0x0039 # DIGIT NINE 0x3A 0x003A # COLON 0x3B 0x003B # SEMICOLON 0x3C 0x003C # LESS-THAN SIGN 0x3D 0x003D # EQUALS SIGN 0x3E 0x003E # GREATER-THAN SIGN 0x3F 0x003F # QUESTION MARK 0x40 0x0040 # COMMERCIAL AT 0x41 0x0041 # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A 0x42 0x0042 # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B 0x43 0x0043 # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C 0x44 0x0044 # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D 0x45 0x0045 # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E 0x46 0x0046 # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F 0x47 0x0047 # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G 0x48 0x0048 # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H 0x49 0x0049 # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I 0x4A 0x004A # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J 0x4B 0x004B # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K 0x4C 0x004C # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L 0x4D 0x004D # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M 0x4E 0x004E # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N 0x4F 0x004F # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O 0x50 0x0050 # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P 0x51 0x0051 # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q 0x52 0x0052 # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R 0x53 0x0053 # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S 0x54 0x0054 # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T 0x55 0x0055 # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U 0x56 0x0056 # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V 0x57 0x0057 # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W 0x58 0x0058 # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X 0x59 0x0059 # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y 0x5A 0x005A # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z 0x5B 0x005B # LEFT SQUARE BRACKET 0x5C 0x005C # REVERSE SOLIDUS 0x5D 0x005D # RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET 0x5E 0x005E # CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT 0x5F 0x005F # LOW LINE 0x60 0x2018 # LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK 0x61 0x0061 # LATIN SMALL LETTER A 0x62 0x0062 # LATIN SMALL LETTER B 0x63 0x0063 # LATIN SMALL LETTER C 0x64 0x0064 # LATIN SMALL LETTER D 0x65 0x0065 # LATIN SMALL LETTER E 0x66 0x0066 # LATIN SMALL LETTER F 0x67 0x0067 # LATIN SMALL LETTER G 0x68 0x0068 # LATIN SMALL LETTER H 0x69 0x0069 # LATIN SMALL LETTER I 0x6A 0x006A # LATIN SMALL LETTER J 0x6B 0x006B # LATIN SMALL LETTER K 0x6C 0x006C # LATIN SMALL LETTER L 0x6D 0x006D # LATIN SMALL LETTER M 0x6E 0x006E # LATIN SMALL LETTER N 0x6F 0x006F # LATIN SMALL LETTER O 0x70 0x0070 # LATIN SMALL LETTER P 0x71 0x0071 # LATIN SMALL LETTER Q 0x72 0x0072 # LATIN SMALL LETTER R 0x73 0x0073 # LATIN SMALL LETTER S 0x74 0x0074 # LATIN SMALL LETTER T 0x75 0x0075 # LATIN SMALL LETTER U 0x76 0x0076 # LATIN SMALL LETTER V 0x77 0x0077 # LATIN SMALL LETTER W 0x78 0x0078 # LATIN SMALL LETTER X 0x79 0x0079 # LATIN SMALL LETTER Y 0x7A 0x007A # LATIN SMALL LETTER Z 0x7B 0x007B # LEFT CURLY BRACKET 0x7C 0x007C # VERTICAL LINE 0x7D 0x007D # RIGHT CURLY BRACKET 0x7E 0x007E # TILDE 0x7F 0x007F # DELETE